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Lordship of Argos and Nauplia
During the late Middle Ages, the two cities of Argos ((ギリシア語:Άργος), (フランス語:Argues)) and Nauplia (modern Nafplion, Ναύπλιον; in the Middle Ages Ἀνάπλι, in French ''Naples de Romanie'') formed a separate lordship within the Frankish-ruled Morea in southern Greece.
The cities were granted as a fief, following their conquest in 1211–1212, to Otto de la Roche, Duke of Athens, by Geoffrey I of Villehardouin, Prince of Achaea. The lordship remained in the possession of the de la Roche and the Brienne Dukes of Athens even after their expulsion from Athens in 1311, and those Dukes continued to be recognized there. Walter VI of Brienne was largely an absentee lord, spending most of his life in his European domains, and the lordship was inherited by his sixth son, Guy of Enghien. It then passed to his daughter Marie of Enghien when he died in 1376. In 1377, she married Peter Cornaro, who would also reside there until his death in 1388. Shortly after his death, Marie sold the two cities to Venice and retired there, but Argos was seized by the Despot Theodore I Palaiologos, while Nauplia by his ally, Nerio I Acciaioli. Nauplia was soon taken over by Venice, but Argos remained in Byzantine hands until 1394.
== History ==
In the first years of the 13th century, already before the arrival of the Fourth Crusade in the Byzantine Empire, Argos and Nauplia became the centre of an independent domain under the Greek lord Leo Sgouros. Sgouros had exploited the feebleness of imperial authority, and like many other provincial magnates proceeded to carve out his own principality. From his hometown Nauplia, he seized Argos and Corinth, and attacked Athens, although he failed to take the Acropolis of Athens. By early 1205, Sgouros had advanced into Boeotia and Thessaly, but was forced to abandon his conquests in the face of the Crusaders under Boniface of Montferrat, who advanced south from Thessalonica. Boniface overran Thessaly, Boeotia and Attica, where he installed his followerd as barons, and his men invaded the Morea. Sgouros and his men held out in the citadels of Argos, Nauplia and Corinth, however, even after both Boniface and Sgouros died, in 1207 and 1208 respectively. The three fortresses were kept under siege but not conquered by the Crusaders until the fall of Acrocorinth in 1210, followed by Nauplia and finally by Argos in 1212. The Lord of Athens, Otto de la Roche, played a major role in their capture, and as a reward the Prince of Achaea Geoffrey I of Villehardouin gave him Argos and Nauplia as a fief, along with an income of 400 ''hyperpyra'' from Corinth. The area of Damala (Troezen) in the Argolid was also given to the de la Roche, but soon passed to a cadet branch of the family, which assumed the Barony of Veligosti.
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